Dubbed Australia's "royal wedding", the couple married in a small, outdoor ceremony at the prime minister's Canberra residence The Lodge on Saturday.
Mr Albanese and Ms Haydon were joined by 60 close friends and family and married by a celebrant from the NSW central coast.
"We are absolutely delighted to share our love and commitment to spending our future lives together, in front of our family and closest friends," they said in a statement.
Ms Haydon's parents Bill and Pauline walked her down the aisle to the Ben Folds song The Luckiest before the pair delivered their self-written vows to each other.
Their dog Toto did the ring-bearing honours and was led by Ms Haydon's five-year-old niece Ella, who was flower girl.
Ms Haydon wore an intricate long-sleeved white dress embellished with floral motifs by Sydney designer Romance was Born, while Mr Albanese donned a black tuxedo from MJ Bale.
The prime minister had said they planned to marry before the end of 2025, but remained guarded on the details of the ceremony.
But he said it would be a private affair with no world leaders in attendance.
Treasurer Jim Chalmers and wife Laura were among the guests, with other Labor figures attending including Tim Ayres, Tony Burke, Katy Gallagher, Penny Wong, Mark Butler, Richard Marles, Penny Sharpe and Jo Haylen.
Cheers erupted from the gardens soon after 4.30pm AEDT.
Following the ceremony, the prime minister and Ms Haydon walked back down the aisle to Stevie Wonder's Signed, Sealed, Delivered (I'm Yours).
Guests drank beer in a special can made by Willie the Boatman, whose brewery is in Mr Albanese's electorate in Sydney's inner west, before the newlywed's first dance to Frank Sinatra's The Way You Look Tonight.
Opposition Leader Sussan Ley sent her congratulations to the married couple.
"I wish them every happiness as they continue building their lives together," she said.
Mr Albanese and Ms Haydon will have a honeymoon in Australia from Monday to Friday.
Ms Haydon, who is head of strategic partnerships at Teachers Mutual Bank, met Mr Albanese at a business dinner in Melbourne in 2019.
The pair previously said they bonded over their shared adoration for South Sydney NRL team.
The nuptials are history-making, with Mr Albanese the first sitting Australian prime minister to marry while in office.
His wife has accompanied him for official duties and international trips, with a particularly gruelling schedule in the lead-up to their big day.
The pair travelled to the White House in New York in September and again in October, meeting US President Donald Trump and first lady Melania.
The couple also touched down in London in September, attending a dinner hosted by Mr Albanese's UK counterpart Keir Starmer and Canadian leader Mark Carney.
Mr Albanese proposed at The Lodge on Valentine's Day in 2024, with a ring he helped design and made by Leichhardt jeweller Cerrone.
"We look forward to our version of the royal wedding sometime in the near future," then-opposition leader Peter Dutton said after the announcement.
Earlier in 2024, the couple bought a clifftop home overlooking the Central Coast's Copacabana Beach for $4.3 million.
Before meeting his wife, Mr Albanese was married to Carmel Tebbutt, whom he first met through Young Labor in the late 1980s.
They share a son, Nathan, born in 2000, and separated in early 2019 after 19 years of marriage.
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