"There is no joy after we lost our family and loved ones," said Gaza City resident Fedaa Ayyad.
"Even if we try to cope with the situation, we can't truly feel it in our hearts. … I am one of those who cannot feel the atmosphere of Ramadan."
In Gaza, the first day of the holy month is Wednesday.
During Ramadan, observant Muslims fast daily from dawn to sunset.
In normal circumstances, the month often brings families and friends together to break their fast in joyous gatherings. For Muslims, it's a time for increased worship, religious reflection and charity.
Circumstances in Gaza are far from normal.
Israel's military offensive has killed more than 72,000 Palestinians, according to Gaza's Health Ministry, and caused widespread destruction and displaced most of the territory's residents.
Israel launched the offensive after Hamas-led militants killed some 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and took another 251 hostage in their attack on October 7, 2023.
As Gaza residents visited markets this week, some lamented that economic woes cast a pall on the month.
"There is no cash among the people. There is no work. It's true that it is Ramadan, but Ramadan requires money," said Gaza City resident Waleed Zaqzouq. He said merchants should consider people's financial hardships.
Before the war, "people lived a dignified life," he said.
"The situation has completely changed in the war, meaning people have been devastated and worn down."
The October 10 US-brokered ceasefire deal attempted to halt more than two years of war between Israel and Hamas. While the heaviest fighting has subsided, there has been almost daily Israeli fire in Gaza.
Israeli forces have carried out repeated airstrikes and frequently fire on Palestinians near military-held zones, killing more than 600 Palestinians, according to Gaza health officials.
The ministry, which is part of the Hamas-led government, maintains detailed casualty records that are seen as generally reliable by UN agencies and independent experts. But it does not distinguish between civilians and militants.
Militants have carried out shooting attacks on Israeli troops, and Israel says its strikes are in response to that and other violations. Four Israeli soldiers have been killed.
Gaza's winter has highlighted the grim conditions of the displaced residents and the many needs of the enclave and its people. Severe cold has caused child deaths in Gaza, and torrential rain has flooded displacement camps and collapsed already badly damaged buildings.
UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres posted on X the hope that Ramadan will "inspire us to work as one to build a more peaceful, generous and just world for all people".
"There is much that has changed from this Ramadan to Ramadan before the war," said Raed Koheel, who lives in Gaza City.
"In the past, the atmosphere was more delightful. The streets were lit up with decorations. All streets had decorations. Our children were happy."
Still, amid the hardships, some in the Gaza Strip have worked to bring a taste of Ramadan's festivities.
Surrounded by ruins and crumbled buildings in Khan Younis, calligrapher and artist Hani Dahman dipped his brush in paint and wrote "Welcome, Ramadan" in Arabic as children watched.
"We are here in Khan Younis camp, trying to bring happiness to the hearts of children, women, men and entire families," Dahman said.
"We are … sending a message to the world that we are people who seek life."
