Larijani was widely viewed as one of Iran's most powerful figures and a confidant of slain Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and his son and successor, Mojtaba. The security chief had a reputation for pragmatic relations with other factions in the ruling system and foreign diplomats.
His death was confirmed by Iran's Supreme National Security Council, which Larijani led as secretary. Larijani's son and his deputy, Alireza Bayat, were also killed in Israel's attack on Monday night, the council said.
The targeted killings came more than three weeks into the US-Israeli war on Iran, which has quickly become a regional conflict that shows no signs of de-escalation.
US President Donald Trump has repeatedly castigated allied countries in recent days for their cool response to his requests for military help to restore the passage of oil tankers through the Strait of Hormuz.
Mojtaba Khamenei, Iran's new supreme leader, rejected proposals conveyed to Iran's Foreign Ministry for "reducing tensions or ceasefire with the United States", according to a senior Iranian official who asked not to be identified.
Khamenei, attending his first foreign-policy meeting since his appointment, said it was not "the right time for peace until the United States and Israel are brought to their knees, accept defeat, and pay compensation", according to the official.
The Strait of Hormuz, a transit point for a fifth of the global oil trade, remains largely closed as Iran threatens to attack tankers linked to the US and Israel.
The US has given shifting rationales for joining Israel to attack Iran and struggled to explain the legal basis for starting a new war, underscored by the Tuesday resignation of the head of the US National Counterterrorism Center, Joseph Kent who wrote in his resignation letter that Iran "posed no imminent threat to our nation".
Most US allies in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization have told Trump they don't want to get involved in the conflict, he said on Tuesday, describing their position as "a very foolish mistake".
"Because of the fact that we have had such Military Success, we no longer 'need,' or desire, the NATO Countries' assistance — WE NEVER DID!" Trump wrote on social media, also singling out Japan, Australia and South Korea.
In another post he said "the United States will be bombing the hell out of the shoreline, and continually shooting Iranian Boats and Ships out of the water. One way or the other, we will soon get the Hormuz Strait OPEN, SAFE, and FREE!"
Oil prices rose about three per cent on Tuesday as Iran renewed its strikes on oil facilities in the United Arab Emirates, and are up around 45 per cent since the start of the war on February 28, raising concerns of a renewed spike in global inflation. The World Food Programme said tens of millions of people will face acute hunger if the war continues through June.
Larijani is the most senior figure killed by Israel and the US since the war's first day when they killed the supreme leader and other senior officials.
Israel also killed another top official, Gholamreza Soleimani, who led the volunteer Basij militia, which plays a major role in domestic security.
In a video posted on social media, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu pulled a small card out of his suit jacket pocket and said: "Today I erased two names on the punch card, and you see how many more to go on this batch."
In Israel, where Iranian missile attacks have killed 12 people, air raid sirens sounded throughout Tuesday in Tel Aviv and surrounding cities as loud blasts of interceptions were heard as far away as Jerusalem.
The Israeli military said it was targeting "Iranian regime infrastructure" with strikes across Tehran, as well as Hezbollah sites in Beirut.
Foreign Minister Gideon Saar said Israel "had, in effect already won the war", but gave no timeline for when the war might end.
More than 900 people have died since Israel began attacks on Lebanon on March 2, the Lebanese Health Ministry said. US-based Iran human rights group HRANA said more than 3000 people have been killed in the country.
Iran has responded with wide-ranging attacks on its Gulf neighbours, which host US military bases.
Gulf Arab states, including the UAE, have faced more than 2000 missile and drone attacks on US diplomatic missions and military bases as well as oil infrastructure, ports, airports, ships and residential and commercial buildings.
Oil loading at the UAE port of Fujairah was at least partly halted on Tuesday after a third attack in four days caused a fire at the export terminal. Fujairah lies on the far side of the Strait of Hormuz from the Gulf, making it one of the few ports from which the region's oil can be shipped without passing through the blockaded waterway.
with AP and Reuters
