A military court sentenced an air defence commander to 13 years in prison after a total of 20 hearings, judicial site Misan reported on Sunday.
The court sentenced a further nine defendants to terms of several years.
Iran's paramilitary Revolutionary Guard mistakenly shot down the Ukraine International Airlines flight on January 8, 2020.
All 176 people onboard the plane died.
Many survivors and critics say Iranian authorities tried to cover up the case and have not gone far enough to hold those responsible accountable.
Criticism came from Hamed Esmaeilion, a well-known Iranian activist living in Canada who lost his family in the incident and has been involved in the exile opposition against Iran.
He has also appeared as an opinion leader abroad during the 2022 protests.
"This is what justice looks like in the Islamic Republic," Esmaeilion said.
He called the trial a show trial and again accused Iran of deliberately shooting down the plane.
In its verdict, the court attributed the downing of the plane to human error and awarded the bereaved families $US150,000 ($A223,580) each in compensation for their pain and suffering.
The Ukrainian International Airlines' Boeing 737-800 plane was on its way from Tehran to Kyiv.
Many passengers had connecting flights to Canada.
Amid military tensions with the United States, Iranian air defences shot down Flight 752 shortly after take-off from Tehran.
The victims were from Ukraine and Iran as well as from Canada, Afghanistan, the United Kingdom and Sweden.
with AP
