Tuesday's demonstration is the latest in a series of near-daily protests beginning last week by student groups, opposition parties and India's "Cockroach" youth movement.
The protesters have demanded the resignation of Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar, accusing the polling body he oversees of manipulating voter registrations to benefit Prime Minister Narendra Modi's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party.
The commission and government deny any wrongdoing.
Security personnel, some carrying batons, stood behind barricades outside the commission's office near parliament on Tuesday.
Authorities issued travel advisories for areas around the planned protest and closed some roads.
India began its Special Intensive Revision of voter lists in Bihar in 2025 before state elections.
The exercise has since expanded to most states and federally administered territories.
Critics say the process requires documents that are confusing and difficult to obtain, risking the exclusion of millions of eligible voters.
Election Commission data shows voter rolls could shrink by as much as 30 per cent in some regions.
The commission says the revision is aimed to remove duplicate and ineligible entries while ensuring eligible voters remain registered.
Opposition parties and activists say it could disenfranchise legitimate voters.
The campaign against the Election Commission has been led in part by the "Cockroach" movement, which began as an online campaign and calls itself the Cockroach Janata Party.
Previous street protests organised by the movement led to the education minister's resignation in July.
