Polish border guards told Reuters on Sunday the Dorohusk-Yahodyn crossing point briefly stopped working after the attack about 800 metres from Poland, but the crossing had since resumed operations.
Russia's Defence Ministry said it had targeted infrastructure facilitating military cargoes from Europe in western Ukraine.
Ukraine is dependent on trade and arms shipments from across the Polish, Romanian and Moldovan borders.
Russia has begun targeting Ukraine's border crossings with its Western allies in recent weeks, part of a growing campaign by both sides to erode the other's economic infrastructure more than four years into Russia's invasion.
In India, where Russian President Vladimir Putin had been attending the BRICS summit, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said both Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping had offered help to broker a peace settlement, Russian state news agency TASS reported.
At a summit in Kyrgyzstan in August, Modi told Putin the war must end, one of several calls for peace from leaders of nations that have traditionally strong relations with Russia.
Kazakhstan's President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev publicly told Putin in August he should halt the conflict along the front line, which has remained largely static this year.
Russia has ruled that out, saying Ukraine should pull back to leave the industrialised eastern Donbas region in Moscow's hands, which Kyiv has vowed it will never do.
Both Brazil and China, themselves founding BRICS members, have called for a resumption of peace talks.
TASS cited Peskov as saying Putin had informed Modi of the situation "on the ground" in Ukraine, and that Russia had not ruled out resuming three-way talks between Russia, Ukraine and the US in October.
Overnight, hostilities showed no signs of letting up.
In the Russian-held part of Ukraine's southeast Zaporizhzhia region, the head of Russia's state nuclear energy company Rosatom accused Ukraine of striking fuel trucks close to the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power station, Europe's largest.
Russia has controlled the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant since March 2022, and it remains close to the front line.
A Ukrainian military spokesperson did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
In Russia itself, the mayor of the city of Nizhnekamsk, in the Volga River region of Tatarstan, said "civilian and industrial" targets in the city had been struck by Ukrainian drones, causing at least two deaths and several more injuries.
Mayor Radmir Belyaev did not clarify which targets had been struck, but the city hosts a major oil refinery which has been attacked in the past.
Ukrainian authorities did not immediately comment on the strike on Nizhekamsk, but did say they had struck another refinery in the southern Krasnodar region.
